In fact, Jupiter has the same ingredients as a star, but it did not grow massive enough to ignite. About 4 billion years ago, Jupiter settled into its current position in the outer solar system, where it is the fifth planet from the Sun. The composition of Jupiter is similar to that of the Sun — mostly hydrogen and helium.
Deep in the atmosphere, pressure and temperature increase, compressing the hydrogen gas into a liquid. This gives Jupiter the largest ocean in the solar system — an ocean made of hydrogen instead of water. Scientists think that, at depths perhaps halfway to the planet's center, the pressure becomes so great that electrons are squeezed off the hydrogen atoms, making the liquid electrically conducting like metal. Jupiter's fast rotation is thought to drive electrical currents in this region, generating the planet's powerful magnetic field.
It is still unclear if deeper down, Jupiter has a central core of solid material or if it may be a thick, super-hot and dense soup. It could be up to 90, degrees Fahrenheit 50, degrees Celsius down there, made mostly of iron and silicate minerals similar to quartz. The planet is mostly swirling gases and liquids. The extreme pressures and temperatures deep inside the planet crush, melt, and vaporize spacecraft trying to fly into the planet. Jupiter's appearance is a tapestry of colorful cloud bands and spots.
The gas planet likely has three distinct cloud layers in its "skies" that, taken together, span about 44 miles 71 kilometers. The top cloud is probably made of ammonia ice, while the middle layer is likely made of ammonium hydrosulfide crystals. The innermost layer may be made of water ice and vapor. The vivid colors you see in thick bands across Jupiter may be plumes of sulfur and phosphorus-containing gases rising from the planet's warmer interior.
Jupiter's fast rotation — spinning once every 10 hours — creates strong jet streams, separating its clouds into dark belts and bright zones across long stretches. With no solid surface to slow them down, Jupiter's spots can persist for many years. Stormy Jupiter is swept by over a dozen prevailing winds, some reaching up to miles per hour kilometers per hour at the equator. The Great Red Spot, a swirling oval of clouds twice as wide as Earth, has been observed on the giant planet for more than years.
More recently, three smaller ovals merged to form the Little Red Spot, about half the size of its larger cousin. Anticyclones, which rotate in the opposite direction, are colder at the top but warmer at the bottom.
The findings also indicate these storms are far taller than expected, with some extending 60 miles kilometers below the cloud tops and others, including the Great Red Spot, extending over miles kilometers. Accordingly, early Roman astronomers named the largest planet after their most powerful god, Jupiter. In Roman mythology, Jupiter or Zeus in Greek mythology is the god of the sky and the king of the gods. Prior to settling on the name "Jupiter," the Romans actually called the planet "the star of Jupiter.
Instead, the Greeks called it "Phaethon," which means something or someone that shines or blazing. In astronomy, the planet's symbol makes a reference to the weapon used by Jupiter in mythology, which is a lightning bolt. Jupiter is known by various other names in different languages and cultures. Jupiter has been known since very ancient times, so how did Jupiter get its name? While it had many names throughout history, the Roman empire had the greatest influence over a wide portion of modern society, so the names accorded to planets by the Romans still hold sway over astronomy.
The Romans named the planet after their king of gods, Jupiter, who was also the god of the sky and of thunder. Why choose to name the planet Jupiter?
A Jovian year, on the other hand, is about 12 Earth years, quite long in comparison to its short days. The orbital period is about two-fifths that of Saturn. The orbit of Jupiter is elliptical, inclined about 1. The eccentricity of the orbit is about 0.
Since Jupiter has a small axial tilt of only 3. It is now known if Jupiter has a core and recent analysis suggests that the atmosphere extends up to 3. The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System, spanning over 5. It is perpetually covered with clouds composed of ammonia crystals and possibly ammonium hydrosulfide. The clouds are located in the tropopause and are arranged into bands of different latitudes, known as tropical regions sub-divided into lighter-hued zones and darker belts.
Because of their interactions, having conflicting circulation patterns, storms and turbulences are created. Since helium atoms have more mass than hydrogen atoms, the composition changes. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. These atmospheric proportions of hydrogen and helium are close to the theoretical composition of the primordial solar nebula.
The magnetic field of Jupiter is fourteen times stronger than that of Earth. It ranges from 4. This causes the deformation of the dipole magnetic field into that of a magnetodisk. As a result, the aurora of Jupiter is stronger as well. The combination of the powerful magnetic field and the charged particles from Io in the plasma torus creates the brightest auroras in the solar system. Sadly, most of them can only be seen through ultraviolet. Because Jupiter is surrounded by this plasma torus, produced by its strong magnetic field, it makes it very difficult for a spacecraft to approach the planet, yet some zones are not so dangerous but the radiation is still present.
Some estimates concluded that it would get even hotter than the surface of the Sun. One of the key features of Jupiter is its Great Red Spot. This oval-shaped object is greater in size than Earth and rotates counterclockwise within a period of six days.
Storms are common on Jupiter, some are small and last hours while others are huge and last for centuries. Jupiter was the king of the moons since recently, having a total of 79 known satellites. Recently, Saturn dethroned Jupiter having a total of 82 known satellites.
These rankings can change as observations continue. They are among the largest satellites discovered in the Solar System with Ganymede being the largest out of all the satellites in our solar system.
They all have orbital inclinations of less than half a degree. The Galilean moons orbit between Despite being the largest known satellite in the solar system, it lacks a substantial atmosphere. It is the 9 th largest object in the solar system with a diameter of 5.
It was named after the mythological cupbearer of the Greek gods, who was kidnapped by Zeus for this purpose. It is the only moon known to have a magnetic field and though it posseses a metallic core, it has the lowest moment of inertia factor of any solid body in the Solar System.
Outward from Jupiter, it is the seventh satellite completing an orbit around Jupiter in about 7 Earth days. It is in a orbital resonance with the moons Europa and Io. A third of its surface is covered by dark regions covered in impact craters and a light region, crosscut by extensive grooves and ridges possibly due to tectonic activity due to tidal heating. It has a thin atmosphere comprised of oxygen, ozone and other elements.
There is some speculation on the potential habitability of Ganymede's ocean.
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