The Town Council's financial difficulties resulted in the links being sold in to the commercial rabbit breeders Charles and Cathcart Dempster, but in the local inhabitants won the right to kill the rabbits.
For sixteen years the 'Rabbit Wars' were waged over the links and in court, until, in , James Cheape of Strathtyrum bought the links for the golfers and laid the foundations of St Andrews' golfing prosperity. The present Royal and Ancient clubhouse was begun in and is seen in the picture with snow on the eighteenth hole.
Golf was largely a winter game until the middle of the 19th Century, when mechanical grass cutters allowed play in the summer as well. With the increased prosperity of the Victorian times and the expansion of the railways, golf tourism took hold all over Britain.
By , there were second holes on the middle greens and the course became the first hole golf course in the world. Other courses soon followed. Robertson died in , and Old Tom returned to St Andrews to conduct extensive remodelling of the course as well as building others. Many people credit Old Tom with developing the manicured links that we see today. He also owned a shop and workshop at 8 The Links, which still exists. However, the Council successfully petitioned Parliament to keep the Links in common ownership.
Ultimately, after many Acts of Parliament, the Links were taken over by the Links Trust who run it today. There are now other courses on the Links. It was extended to 18 holes in The Eden Course was opened in and the Strathtyrum in The nine-hole Balgrove course, designed for beginners and children, was first created in , but substantially remodelled in , when the Strathtyrum was completed.
The latter three courses are built largely on land purchased at various times from the Strathtyrum estate of the Cheape family. Old Tom Morris set the precedence for modern links courses. The Town Council petitioned Parliament and was able to have the Links be placed in common ownership.
The Balgrove, a 9-hole course, was designed for beginners in but remodeled in when the Strathtyrum course was added. St Andrews Links is one of the hosts to the first major professional golf tournament, the Open Championship.
St Andrews Links has hosted the Open Championship more than any other course. It typically hosts the Open every five years. With demand to play on the Links continuing to rise, the seventh course The Castle Course opened in There is a fascination with the game that translates into a multi-billion dollar industry and the origins of this sport, beloved by so many, has its humble origins on a small spit of land on the East coast of Scotland.
St Andrews, where the common land of the links was granted in a royal charter to the towns people so they could graze their sheep, and catch rabbits for food and pelts. The land slowly evolved over the centuries from a time when shepherds hit stones around the dunes as a rough pastime until it became a recognised game with rules and on into its current place as a sporting passion, loved by millions and watched by millions more.
History of the Old Course The game of golf is played by 2 billion people across the world with global TV coverage making the most famous tournaments accessible to billions more. Golf Banned Golf was clearly becoming too popular in the middle ages as the game was banned in by King James II of Scotland, who felt it was distracting young men from archery practice. From 22 to 18 Holes The Old Course originally consisted of twenty-two holes, eleven out and eleven back.
Direction of Play When Old Tom Morris created a separate green for the first hole, it became possible to play the course in an anti-clockwise direction, rather than clockwise which had previously been the norm.
Double Greens The track through the whin bushes on which the Old Course evolved was so narrow that golfers played to the same holes going out and coming in. Rabbit Wars In , due to 'temporary impecuniosity,' that is to say bankruptcy, St Andrews Town Council lost total control of the Links, allowing rabbit farming to challenge golf for pre-eminence.
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